Explanation text part2

Part 2

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Hello everyone, welcome back with my blog😊... with me lutfi and will explain you about explanation text🎉

👉Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

👉Purpose of Explanation Text

– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.

– To explain how or why something happens.

Social Function

An explanation text is used to describe how and why a certain phenomenon happens.

👉 Generic Structure

1. A tittle that identifies to the topic to be explained

2. A general statement

3. A sequenced explanation ( a clear order about how and why )

4. Closing/ concluding statement

👉Linguistic Features

1. Focused on general group rather than spesific

2. Use a linking word like, in general, rather, for instance

3. Use action verbs like breaks, erupts

4. Use present tense

5. Use passive voice

6. Reference to people should not be given

7. Use of technical terms and language relavants to the subjects.

👉 Passive Voice

The general structure of the active voice and passive voice forms of the same sentence is as follows:

Active Voice: Subject + Verb + Object Passive Voice: Object + Verb + Subject

In addition to the arrangement of objects and subjects played, the form of verbs in sentences in both voices also changes. In the example sentence above, you can see that there are changes in the main verb (wash, bought) as well as the auxiliary verb (are, was) of the two voices above. Passive Voice only uses the third form of the verb or it can also be called the Past Participle. As for the auxiliary verb changes depending on the rules for using tenses in voices.

🖤Simple present

Active Voice: S + V (s/es) + O

My sister draws different art paintings every single day.

Passive Voice: O + to be (is/am/are) + past participle + (by S)

Art paintings are drawn every single day by my sister.

🖤Present continuous

Active Voice: S + to be (is/am/are) + Ving + O

The maid is tidying up the living room.

Passive Voice: O + to be (is/am/are) + being + past participle + (by S)

The living room is being tidied up.

🖤Present perfect

Active Voice: S + has/have + past participle + O

My father has done various research of deadly diseases

Passive Voice: O + to be (has/have) + been + past participle + (by S)

Various research of deadly diseases has been done.

🖤 Simple past

Active Voice: S + V2 + O

The doctor at the hospital injected medicine into the patient’s blood vessel.

Passive Voice: O + to be (was/were) + past participle + (by S)

Medicine was injected into the patient’s blood vessel.

🖤Past continuous

Active Voice: S + to be (was/were) + Ving + O

The staff was taking out the supplies from the food storage.

Passive Voice: O + to be (was/were) + being + past participle + (by S)

The supplies from the food storage were taken out.

🖤 Past perfect

Active Voice: S + had + past participle + O

The soldiers had used poisonous gas to kill hundreds of others.

Passive Voice: O + had + been + past participle + (by S)

Poisonous gas had been used to kill hundreds of others.

🖤 Simple future

Active Voice: S + will + V1 + O

I will do my art project after dinner.

Passive Voice: O + will + be + past participle + (by S)

My art project will be done after dinner.

🖤 Future continuous

Active Voice: S + will + be + Ving + O

The staff will be cleaning the hotel room at 10 a.m.

Passive Voice: O + will + be + being + past participle + (by S)

The hotel room will be being cleaned at 10 a.m.

🖤 Future perfect

Active Voice: S + will + have + past participle + O

By next month, the selection panel will have reviewed your application.

Passive Voice: O + will + have + been + past participle + (by S)

By next month, your application will have been reviewed.

➡️When is it better to use passive voice?

In general, passive voices seem more formal and elegant than active voices, but have certain drawbacks, such as being less direct, so that the impact given by writing is not too big. Passive Voice is also not suitable for sentences that contain too much information, because it will sound ambiguous. So, when should passive voice be used?

1. When the subject or actor of a sentence is unknown. The cave paintings found in Sulawesi were made in around Stone Age. (The cave paintings found in Sulawesi were made around the Stone Age.) The perpetrator in the sentence above is unknown, so it is not listed.

2. When the subject or actor is irrelevant. A large dam will be built in that river. (A large dam will be built on the river.) Here the author is not interested in discussing the perpetrators of the activity.

3. When you don't want to mention the subject clearly. Mistakes were made. (An error has been made.) Widely used in bureaucratic writing.

4. When you are discussing the absolute truth (general truth) Rules are made to be broken. (Rules are made to be broken.)

5. You want to emphasize the person or thing that is the target of the activity. Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by researchers at the University of Toronto. It is still the only treatment available for diabetes.

6. You are writing scientific writing that traditionally prefers the passive voice.

➡️When should you use active voice?

If the writing you make has high urgency, and must be easy to understand and fast in processing. For example: instructions, prohibitions, etc. Passive Sentences has a rather vague character, besides that it takes a long time to digest, so it is now starting to be avoided in scientific work because it tends to give the impression of twisting or hiding facts. If you need to save writing space, such as advertisements in newspapers, for example. If your writing contains many facts or variables, you should avoid using the passive voice.

👉 Summary

Rules for changing active voice to passive one

1. Identify the subject the verb, and the object

2. Change the subject into subject

3. Put the suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb. In case the helping verb is given, use the same verb but note that the helping verb given agrees with the object

4. Change the verb into the past participle form

5. Add the preposition by

6. Change the subject into object

Example

1. A letter is written by me

2. American was discovered by Columbus

3. Macbeth was written by shakespeare

4. The door was opened by his son

5. The new ideas were suggested by Gina

👉 This is video materials about Explanation text